@article{3c62147af2db4f2abb3dc4a4c3f8d8bf,
title = "Depression and reduced emotional experience in schizophrenia: Correlations with self-reported and informant-rated everyday social functioning",
abstract = "Negative symptoms and depression persist in one third of patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies suggested that depression has more impact on self-perceived compared to observer-rated social functions. Reduced emotional experience, a subdomain of negative symptoms, predicts social functioning deficits, although its role in self-assessment is unclear. We examined depression and reduced emotional experience and self-reports and informant ratings of social functioning and social cognitive abilities in 135 patients with schizophrenia. Discrepancies between sources were used to index the accuracy and bias in self-assessment. Less severe depression was associated with self-reports of reduced impairments in social functioning and better social cognitive abilities. Reduced emotional experience was related to informant ratings and self-reports of social functioning. Neither reduced emotional experience nor depression was correlated with discrepancies between sources, despite the bias of patients with lower depression to report that they were higher functioning and more competent. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia make global judgments about functioning based on current mood states. There was minimal association between the depression severity and the accuracy of self-assessment, despite positive biases associated with lower depression severity. The determinants of accuracy and bias in self-assessment requires more detailed examination and subdivision of patients based on their depression.",
keywords = "Depression, Introspective Accuracy, Schizophrenia, Self-Assessment",
author = "Harvey, {Philip D.} and Elizabeth Deckler and Jones, {Mackenzie T.} and Jarskog, {L. Fredrik} and Penn, {David L.} and Pinkham, {Amy E.}",
note = "Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded by a grant from the US National Institute of Mental Health, MH 93432, to Drs. Harvey, Penn, and Pinkham. Funding Information: Philip D. Harvey is Leonard M. Miller Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Senior Research Scientist at the Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center. His research focuses on cognition, social cognition, self assessment and functional outcomes across neuropsychiatric conditions. Elizabeth Deckler is a third-year student in the MD program at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. She is a graduate of the University of Miami. She was a part of the Medical Scholars Program, an accelerated 7-year BS/MD degree program at the University of Miami. Mackenzie T. Jones is a second year student in the MD-MPH program at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. She is a graduate of Columbia University, where she studied biological sciences with a focus in neuroscience. L. Fredrik Jarskog is a Professor of Psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He studies the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia, with a focus on cognitive deficits and cardiometabolic disturbances. David L. Penn is the Linda Wagner Martin Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at UNC-Chapel Hill. He specializes in social cognition and psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Amy E. Pinkham is Associate Professor with Tenure in the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences at The University of Texas at Dallas. Dr. Pinkham{\textquoteright}s research uses functional neuroimaging (fMRI) and behavioral techniques to examine how the human brain processes social information, how these neural systems may be disturbed in schizophrenia and related disorders, and the behavioral consequences of these impairments. Philip D. Harvey, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1450, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Email: philipdharvey1@cs.com 3 5 2019 4 2019 10 2 2043808719829313 28 9 2018 14 1 2019 {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2019 2019 SAGE Publications Ltd unless otherwise noted. Manuscript content on this site is licensed under Creative Commons Licenses This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage ). Negative symptoms and depression persist in one third of patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies suggested that depression has more impact on self-perceived compared to observer-rated social functions. Reduced emotional experience, a subdomain of negative symptoms, predicts social functioning deficits, although its role in self-assessment is unclear. We examined depression and reduced emotional experience and self-reports and informant ratings of social functioning and social cognitive abilities in 135 patients with schizophrenia. Discrepancies between sources were used to index the accuracy and bias in self-assessment. Less severe depression was associated with self-reports of reduced impairments in social functioning and better social cognitive abilities. Reduced emotional experience was related to informant ratings and self-reports of social functioning. Neither reduced emotional experience nor depression was correlated with discrepancies between sources, despite the bias of patients with lower depression to report that they were higher functioning and more competent. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia make global judgments about functioning based on current mood states. There was minimal association between the depression severity and the accuracy of self-assessment, despite positive biases associated with lower depression severity. The determinants of accuracy and bias in self-assessment requires more detailed examination and subdivision of patients based on their depression. Schizophrenia Self-Assessment Introspective Accuracy Depression National Institute of Mental Health https://doi.org/10.13039/100000025 MH 93432 cover-date April-June 2019 Declaration of conflicting interests The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Dr. Harvey has received consulting fees or travel reimbursements from Alkermes, Boehringer Ingelheim, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Jazz Pharma, Minerva Pharma, Otsuka America, Roche Pharma, Sanofi Pharma, Sunovion Pharma, Takeda Pharma, and Teva during the past year. He receives royalties from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. He is chief scientific officer of i-Function, Inc. He has a research grant from Takeda and from the Stanley Medical Research Foundation. Dr. Pinkham has served as a consultant to Roche Pharma. Jarskog has received research grant funding from NIH, Auspex/Teva, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Otsuka. The other authors have no reportable biomedical activities. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded by a grant from the US National Institute of Mental Health, MH 93432, to Drs. Harvey, Penn, and Pinkham. ORCID iD Philip D. Harvey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-9366 Amy E. Pinkham https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2803-4520 Supplemental material Supplemental material for this article is available online. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2019.",
year = "2019",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1177/2043808719829313",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
journal = "Journal of Experimental Psychopathology",
issn = "2043-8087",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "2",
}