Abstract
Of the various hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ axes, the thyroid and adrenal systems have been implicated most often in affective disorders. Patients with primary thyroid disease have high rates of depression, and patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have relatively high rates of affective and anxiety symptoms. However, the major support for these endocrine axes in the pathophysiology of mood disorders comes from studies in which alterations in components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes have been documented in patients with primary depression. Concerning the HPT axis, depressed patients have been reported to have: (a) alterations in thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); (b) an abnormally high rate of antithyroid antibodies; and (c) elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TRH concentrations. Moreover, tri-iodothyronine has been shown conclusively to augment the efficacy of various antidepressants. Concerning the HPA axis, depressed patients have been reported to exhibit: (a) adrenocorticoid hypersecretion; (b) enlarged pituitary and adrenal gland size; and (c) elevated CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations. All of the HPA axis alterations in depression studied thus far are state-dependent, whereas the HPT axis alterations may be partially trait and partially state markers.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 123-128 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | British Journal of Psychiatry |
| Volume | 168 |
| Issue number | JUNE SUPP. 30 |
| State | Published - Jan 1 1996 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Fingerprint
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Neuroscience(all)
Cite this
Depression and endocrine disorders : Focus on the thyroid and adrenal system. / Musselman, Dominique; Nemeroff, Charles.
In: British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 168, No. JUNE SUPP. 30, 01.01.1996, p. 123-128.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Depression and endocrine disorders
T2 - Focus on the thyroid and adrenal system
AU - Musselman, Dominique
AU - Nemeroff, Charles
PY - 1996/1/1
Y1 - 1996/1/1
N2 - Of the various hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ axes, the thyroid and adrenal systems have been implicated most often in affective disorders. Patients with primary thyroid disease have high rates of depression, and patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have relatively high rates of affective and anxiety symptoms. However, the major support for these endocrine axes in the pathophysiology of mood disorders comes from studies in which alterations in components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes have been documented in patients with primary depression. Concerning the HPT axis, depressed patients have been reported to have: (a) alterations in thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); (b) an abnormally high rate of antithyroid antibodies; and (c) elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TRH concentrations. Moreover, tri-iodothyronine has been shown conclusively to augment the efficacy of various antidepressants. Concerning the HPA axis, depressed patients have been reported to exhibit: (a) adrenocorticoid hypersecretion; (b) enlarged pituitary and adrenal gland size; and (c) elevated CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations. All of the HPA axis alterations in depression studied thus far are state-dependent, whereas the HPT axis alterations may be partially trait and partially state markers.
AB - Of the various hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ axes, the thyroid and adrenal systems have been implicated most often in affective disorders. Patients with primary thyroid disease have high rates of depression, and patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have relatively high rates of affective and anxiety symptoms. However, the major support for these endocrine axes in the pathophysiology of mood disorders comes from studies in which alterations in components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes have been documented in patients with primary depression. Concerning the HPT axis, depressed patients have been reported to have: (a) alterations in thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); (b) an abnormally high rate of antithyroid antibodies; and (c) elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TRH concentrations. Moreover, tri-iodothyronine has been shown conclusively to augment the efficacy of various antidepressants. Concerning the HPA axis, depressed patients have been reported to exhibit: (a) adrenocorticoid hypersecretion; (b) enlarged pituitary and adrenal gland size; and (c) elevated CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations. All of the HPA axis alterations in depression studied thus far are state-dependent, whereas the HPT axis alterations may be partially trait and partially state markers.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0029953095&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0029953095&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 8864158
AN - SCOPUS:0029953095
VL - 168
SP - 123
EP - 128
JO - British Journal of Psychiatry
JF - British Journal of Psychiatry
SN - 0007-1250
IS - JUNE SUPP. 30
ER -