TY - JOUR
T1 - Delayed hemorrhagic hypotension exacerbates the hemodynamic and histopathologic consequences of traumatic brain injury in rats
AU - Matsushita, Yoshitaro
AU - Bramlett, Helen M.
AU - Kuluz, John W.
AU - Alonso, Ofelia
AU - Dietrich, W. Dalton
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Alterations in cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular reactivity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may increase the susceptibility of the brain to secondary insults, including arterial hypotension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consequences of mild hemorrhagic hypotension on hemodynamic and histopathologic outcome after TBI. Intubated, anesthetized male rats were subjected to moderate (1.94 to 2.18 atm) parasagittal fluid-percussion (FP) brain injury. After TBI, animals were exposed to either normotension (group 1: TBI alone, n = 6) or hypotension (group 2: TBI + hypotension, n = 6). Moderate hypotension (60 mm Hg/30 min) was induced 5 minutes after TBI or sham procedures by hemorrhage. Sham-operated controls (group 3, n = 7) underwent an induced hypotensive period, whereas normotensive controls (group 4, n = 4) did not. For measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), radiolabeled microspheres were injected before, 20 minutes after, and 60 minutes after TBI (n = 23). For quantitative histopathologic evaluation, separate groups of animals were perfusion-fixed 3 days after TBI (n = 22). At 20 minutes after TBI, rCBF was bilaterally reduced by 57% ± 6% and 48% ± 11% in cortical and subcortical brain regions, respectively, under normotensive conditions. Compared with normotensive TBI rats, hemodynamic depression was significantly greater with induced hypotension in the histopathologically vulnerable (P1) posterior parietal cortex (P < 0.01). Secondary hypotension also increased contusion area at specific bregma levels compared with normotensive TBI rats (P < 0.05), as well as overall contusion volume (0.96 ± 0.46 mm3 vs. 2.02 ± 0.51 mm3, mean ± SD, P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that mild hemorrhagic hypotension after FP injury worsens local histopathologic outcome, possibly through vascular mechanisms.
AB - Alterations in cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular reactivity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may increase the susceptibility of the brain to secondary insults, including arterial hypotension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consequences of mild hemorrhagic hypotension on hemodynamic and histopathologic outcome after TBI. Intubated, anesthetized male rats were subjected to moderate (1.94 to 2.18 atm) parasagittal fluid-percussion (FP) brain injury. After TBI, animals were exposed to either normotension (group 1: TBI alone, n = 6) or hypotension (group 2: TBI + hypotension, n = 6). Moderate hypotension (60 mm Hg/30 min) was induced 5 minutes after TBI or sham procedures by hemorrhage. Sham-operated controls (group 3, n = 7) underwent an induced hypotensive period, whereas normotensive controls (group 4, n = 4) did not. For measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), radiolabeled microspheres were injected before, 20 minutes after, and 60 minutes after TBI (n = 23). For quantitative histopathologic evaluation, separate groups of animals were perfusion-fixed 3 days after TBI (n = 22). At 20 minutes after TBI, rCBF was bilaterally reduced by 57% ± 6% and 48% ± 11% in cortical and subcortical brain regions, respectively, under normotensive conditions. Compared with normotensive TBI rats, hemodynamic depression was significantly greater with induced hypotension in the histopathologically vulnerable (P1) posterior parietal cortex (P < 0.01). Secondary hypotension also increased contusion area at specific bregma levels compared with normotensive TBI rats (P < 0.05), as well as overall contusion volume (0.96 ± 0.46 mm3 vs. 2.02 ± 0.51 mm3, mean ± SD, P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that mild hemorrhagic hypotension after FP injury worsens local histopathologic outcome, possibly through vascular mechanisms.
KW - Autoregulation
KW - Fluid-percussion injury
KW - Hypoxia
KW - Pathology
KW - Rat
KW - Regional cerebral blood flow
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U2 - 10.1097/00004647-200107000-00010
DO - 10.1097/00004647-200107000-00010
M3 - Article
C2 - 11435797
AN - SCOPUS:0034956514
VL - 21
SP - 847
EP - 856
JO - Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
SN - 0271-678X
IS - 7
ER -