TY - JOUR
T1 - Current advances of nitric oxide in cancer and anticancer therapeutics
AU - Mintz, Joel
AU - Vedenko, Anastasia
AU - Rosete, Omar
AU - Shah, Khushi
AU - Goldstein, Gabriella
AU - Hare, Joshua M.
AU - Ramasamy, Ranjith
AU - Arora, Himanshu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors.
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, ubiquitous signaling molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. There are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding the bimodal effects of NO in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has important consequences for treatment. Several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that both pro- and antitumorigenic effects of NO depend on multiple aspects, including, but not limited to, tissue of generation, the level of production, the oxidative/reductive (redox) environment in which this radical is generated, the presence or absence of NO transduction elements, and the tumor microenvironment. Generally, there are four major categories of NO-based anticancer therapies: NO donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-i), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activators, and immunomodulators. Of these, NO donors are well studied, well characterized, and also the most promising. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on the role of NO as an anticancer therapy and dysregulated molecular interactions during the evolution of cancer, highlighting the strategies that may aid in the targeting of cancer.
AB - Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, ubiquitous signaling molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. There are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding the bimodal effects of NO in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has important consequences for treatment. Several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that both pro- and antitumorigenic effects of NO depend on multiple aspects, including, but not limited to, tissue of generation, the level of production, the oxidative/reductive (redox) environment in which this radical is generated, the presence or absence of NO transduction elements, and the tumor microenvironment. Generally, there are four major categories of NO-based anticancer therapies: NO donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-i), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activators, and immunomodulators. Of these, NO donors are well studied, well characterized, and also the most promising. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on the role of NO as an anticancer therapy and dysregulated molecular interactions during the evolution of cancer, highlighting the strategies that may aid in the targeting of cancer.
KW - Castration
KW - Checkpoint inhibitors
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Nitric oxide
KW - Prostate cancer
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U2 - 10.3390/vaccines9020094
DO - 10.3390/vaccines9020094
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85100730592
VL - 9
SP - 1
EP - 39
JO - Vaccines
JF - Vaccines
SN - 2076-393X
IS - 2
M1 - 94
ER -