TY - JOUR
T1 - Cardiometabolic risk in community-dwelling persons with chronic spinal cord injury
AU - Groah, Suzanne L.
AU - Nash, Mark S.
AU - Ward, Emily A.
AU - Libin, Alexander
AU - Mendez, Armando J.
AU - Burns, Patricia
AU - Elrod, Matt
AU - Hamm, Larry F.
PY - 2011/3
Y1 - 2011/3
N2 - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe cardiometabolic risk factors and risk clustering in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 121 subjects aged 18 to 73 years (mean, 37 ± 12 years) with chronic, motor complete SCI between C5 and T12. Assessments included demographic, social, and medical history; physical, anthropometric, and blood pressure assessments; fasting serum assays including total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c; calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); and an oral glucose tolerance test. Framingham risk scores (FRSs) for each subject were calculated on the basis of Third National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel algorithm. RESULTS: According to FRSs, 90.1%, 8.3%, and 1.7% were classified in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors were overweight/obesity (74%), elevated LDL-C (64%), low HDL-C (53%), elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP, 33%), and elevated TC (30%). Stratification by level of injury demonstrated significant differences between paraplegic and tetraplegic participants in SBP (120 vs 99 mm Hg, P =.0001), 2-hour glucose (101.37 vs 137.93 mg/dL, P =.0001), and 2-hour insulin (47.45 vs 94.36 μIU/mL, P =.024). In addition, triglycerides, fasting insulin, body mass index, LDL-C, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin resistance were significantly associated with FRS. CONCLUSIONS: Ten percent of young people with SCI are at moderate to high risk for long-term hard cardiac events. Overweight/obesity, LDL-C, HDL-C, SBP, and TC were the most prevalent risk factors. Carbohydrate metabolism is preferentially affected in persons suffering from tetraplegia, indicating a need for impairment-specific risk assessment.
AB - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe cardiometabolic risk factors and risk clustering in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 121 subjects aged 18 to 73 years (mean, 37 ± 12 years) with chronic, motor complete SCI between C5 and T12. Assessments included demographic, social, and medical history; physical, anthropometric, and blood pressure assessments; fasting serum assays including total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c; calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); and an oral glucose tolerance test. Framingham risk scores (FRSs) for each subject were calculated on the basis of Third National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel algorithm. RESULTS: According to FRSs, 90.1%, 8.3%, and 1.7% were classified in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors were overweight/obesity (74%), elevated LDL-C (64%), low HDL-C (53%), elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP, 33%), and elevated TC (30%). Stratification by level of injury demonstrated significant differences between paraplegic and tetraplegic participants in SBP (120 vs 99 mm Hg, P =.0001), 2-hour glucose (101.37 vs 137.93 mg/dL, P =.0001), and 2-hour insulin (47.45 vs 94.36 μIU/mL, P =.024). In addition, triglycerides, fasting insulin, body mass index, LDL-C, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin resistance were significantly associated with FRS. CONCLUSIONS: Ten percent of young people with SCI are at moderate to high risk for long-term hard cardiac events. Overweight/obesity, LDL-C, HDL-C, SBP, and TC were the most prevalent risk factors. Carbohydrate metabolism is preferentially affected in persons suffering from tetraplegia, indicating a need for impairment-specific risk assessment.
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - risk factors
KW - spinal cord injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79952449387&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=79952449387&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/HCR.0b013e3181f68aba
DO - 10.1097/HCR.0b013e3181f68aba
M3 - Article
C2 - 21045711
AN - SCOPUS:79952449387
VL - 31
SP - 73
EP - 80
JO - Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention
JF - Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention
SN - 1932-7501
IS - 2
ER -