@article{7ed45e6af63b4472b56af024a4551085,
title = "Baseline Cigarette Smoking Status as a Predictor of Virologic Suppression and CD4 Cell Count During One-Year Follow-Up in Substance Users with Uncontrolled HIV Infection",
abstract = "Cigarette smoking is prevalent in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) who abuse alcohol and/or illicit substances. This study evaluated whether smoking is predictive of virologic non-suppression (> 200 copies/mL) and low CD4 count (< 200 cells/mm3) during 1-year follow-up in medically hospitalized, substance-using PLHIV recruited for a multi-site trial. Smoking status was assessed with the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI). Analyses revealed that, controlling for baseline differences and adherence to antiretroviral therapy, non-smokers (n = 237), compared to smokers scoring in the medium-to-high range on the HSI (n = 386), were significantly more likely to achieve viral suppression (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.02, 2.20). There was a significant smoking-by-time interaction for CD4 cell count (χ2(1) = 4.08, p < .05), with smokers less likely to have low CD4 count at baseline and 6-month follow-up, but more likely to have low CD4 count at 12-month follow-up. The results suggest that smoking may play a role in immunological functioning in HIV-infected substance users. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01612169.",
keywords = "HIV, Substance abuse, Tobacco, Virologic suppression",
author = "Theresa Winhusen and Feaster, {Daniel J.} and Rui Duan and Brown, {Jennifer L.} and Daar, {Eric S.} and Raul Mandler and Metsch, {Lisa R.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements Funding for the parent trial and analysis was provided for the study{\textquoteright}s principal investigators by the National Institute on Drug Abuse under the following awards: U10DA013720 and UG1DA013720 (Drs. Jos{\'e} Szapocznik and Lisa R. Metsch); U10DA013035 and UG1DA013035 (Drs. John Rotrosen and Edward V. Nunes, Jr.); U10DA013034 and UG1DA013034 (Drs. Maxine Stitzer and Robert Schwartz); U10DA013727 and UG1DA013727 (Drs. Kathleen T. Brady and Matthew Carpenter); U10DA020024 and UG1DA020024 (Dr. Madhukar H. Trivedi); U10DA013732, UG1DA013732, and 5UG1DA013732 (Dr. Theresa Winhusen); U10DA015831 and UG1DA015831 (Drs. Roger D. Weiss and Kathleen Carroll); U10DA015815 and UG1DA015815 (Drs. James L. Sorensen and Dennis McCarty); U10DA020036 (Dr. Dennis Daley); U10DA013043 (Dr. George Woody); U10DA013045 (Dr. Walter Ling); HHSN271200900034C/N01DA92217 and HHSN271201400028C/ N01DA142237 (Dr. Paul VanVeldhuisen); and HHSN271201000024C/ N01DA102221 (Dr. Robert Lindblad). Support from the University of Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.",
year = "2018",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s10461-017-1928-x",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "22",
pages = "2026--2032",
journal = "AIDS and Behavior",
issn = "1090-7165",
publisher = "Springer New York",
number = "6",
}