@article{cd4a4f60c9c1467bb53878b5df1fd6de,
title = "ASTM C618 fly ash specification: Comparison with other specifications, shortcomings, and solutions",
abstract = "ASTM C618 and AASHTO M 295 specifications for fly ash represent the primary documents used by U.S. state and federal agencies to determine the suitability of a fly ash source for use in concrete. Other countries have broadly similar specifications for fly ash. The article compares specifications from the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, noting similarities and differences. Despite its common use, several criticisms of the ASTM C618 specification exist and are discussed in this document. Specifically, concerns exist regarding its dependence on strength activity index testing for determination of fly ash reactivity and strength generation potential, and loss on ignition for quantification of unburnt carbon content, as these tests relate somewhat poorly to performance of the fly ash in concrete. Recently developed test methods that could improve some of the most problematic components of the ASTM C618 specification are discussed.",
keywords = "Fly ash, Loss on ignition, Specifications, Standards, Strength activity index",
author = "Prannoy Suraneni and Lisa Burris and Shearer, {Christopher R.} and Hooton, {R. Douglas}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Transportation Research Board{\textquoteright}s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) for the Project NCHRP 10-104: Recommendations for Revision of AASHTO M 295 Standard Specification to Include Marginal and Unconventional Source Coal Fly Ashes. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors who are conducting this investigation and do not necessarily reflect those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, or the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, the sponsors of the NCHRP. Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Transportation Research Board's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) for the Project NCHRP 10-104: Recommendations for Revision of AASHTO M 295 Standard Specification to Include Marginal and Unconventional Source Coal Fly Ashes. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors who are conducting this investigation and do not necessarily reflect those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, or the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, the sponsors of the NCHRP. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.14359/51725994",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "118",
pages = "157--167",
journal = "ACI Materials Journal",
issn = "0889-325X",
publisher = "American Concrete Institute",
number = "1",
}