@article{fee8e2b4d7ec49819f22194fe0dd8530,
title = "Associations between neighborhood park space and cognition in older adults vary by US location: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis",
abstract = "We used cross-sectional Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis data from six US cities/counties and adjusted multilevel linear regression to examine park space-cognition associations among non-demented older adults (n = 4084). We found that greater neighborhood park space 1-mile around the residence (measured continuously) was associated with better processing speed in the overall sample (estimate: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.92). However, greater neighborhood park space (½-mile around residence) was associated with worse global cognition in Los Angeles, California (estimate: -2.66; 95% CI: -4.70, −0.62) and worse processing speed in Forsyth County, North Carolina (estimate: -0.72; 95% CI: -1.37, −0.08). Dichotomizing at the mean, having ≥6% park space (½-mile around residence) was associated with better global cognition in Saint Paul, Minnesota (estimate: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.38), and better processing speed in New York City (estimate: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.35). Park space-cognition associations varied by city/county, suggesting problems with pooling multiple sites without accounting for geographic context or regionally-varying park characteristics (e.g., quality).",
keywords = "Cognition, Cognitive, Neighborhood, Older adult, Park, Park space",
author = "Besser, {Lilah M.} and Jana Hirsch and Galvin, {James E.} and John Renne and Juyoung Park and Evenson, {Kelly R.} and Kaufman, {Joel D.} and Fitzpatrick, {Annette L.}",
note = "Funding Information: Jana Hirsch has no conflicts of interest or funding to disclose and is supported by the Urban Health Collaborative. Funding Information: Lilah Besser has no conflict of interest or is supported by NIH / NIA award K01AG063895. Funding Information: Lilah Besser has no conflict of interest or is supported by NIH/NIA award K01AG063895.James Galvin has no conflict of interest and is supported by NIA/NIH grants R01AG040211 and R01NS101483.The objective neighborhood data including the park measures were developed as part of Ana Diez Roux's MESA Neighborhood Study (R01 HL071759). This research was supported by contracts 75N92020D00001, HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, 75N92020D00005, N01-HC-95160, 75N92020D00002, N01-HC-95161, 75N92020D00003, N01-HC-95162, 75N92020D00006, N01-HC-95163, 75N92020D00004, N01-HC-95164, 75N92020D00007, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168 and N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, grants UL1-TR-000040 and UL1-TR-001420 from NCATS, and UL1-RR-025005 from NCRR. Funding for MESA Family is provided by grants R01-HL-071051, R01-HL-071205, R01-HL-071250, R01-HL-071251, R01-HL-071252, R01-HL-071258, and R01-HL-071259 from the NHLBI, UL1-TR-001079 and UL1-TR-001881 from NCATS, and grant UL1-RR-033176 from NCRR. The authors thank the other investigators, the staff, and the participants of the MESA study for their valuable contributions. A full list of participating MESA investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org. Funding Information: James Galvin has no conflict of interest and is supported by NIA / NIH grants R01AG040211 and R01NS101483. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2020",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102459",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "66",
journal = "Health and Place",
issn = "1353-8292",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
}