TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between sex hormones and kidney stones
T2 - analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
AU - Nackeeran, Sirpi
AU - Katz, Jonathan
AU - Ramasamy, Ranjith
AU - Marcovich, Robert
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - Purpose: Increasing age, male gender, and metabolic syndrome are associated with kidney stone formation. As sex hormones change with age, gender, and metabolic syndrome, we hypothesized that sex hormones may underlie the physiologic changes affecting stone formation. Methods: We analyzed the relationships between testosterone, estradiol, and history of kidney stones using data from 10,193 participants in the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2013–2016. We performed logistic regression analysis to analyze the predictive value of low testosterone and low estradiol on the history of kidney stones in both males and females. Self-reported history of kidney stone diagnosis was the outcome. Results: After adjusting for risk factors known to be associated with nephrolithiasis such as age, race, BMI, and medical comorbidities including: gout, angina, coronary disease, stroke, asthma, hypertension, and diabetes, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that there is no independent association between sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol) and history of kidney stones in either males or females. Conclusions: There appears to be no association between sex hormones and history of kidney stones. Whether there is a more complex interaction of sex hormone levels and the shared association with factors such as metabolic syndrome requires additional investigation. Further studies matching menopausal status for women are necessary to further investigate the potential relationship between estrogen and kidney stones.
AB - Purpose: Increasing age, male gender, and metabolic syndrome are associated with kidney stone formation. As sex hormones change with age, gender, and metabolic syndrome, we hypothesized that sex hormones may underlie the physiologic changes affecting stone formation. Methods: We analyzed the relationships between testosterone, estradiol, and history of kidney stones using data from 10,193 participants in the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2013–2016. We performed logistic regression analysis to analyze the predictive value of low testosterone and low estradiol on the history of kidney stones in both males and females. Self-reported history of kidney stone diagnosis was the outcome. Results: After adjusting for risk factors known to be associated with nephrolithiasis such as age, race, BMI, and medical comorbidities including: gout, angina, coronary disease, stroke, asthma, hypertension, and diabetes, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that there is no independent association between sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol) and history of kidney stones in either males or females. Conclusions: There appears to be no association between sex hormones and history of kidney stones. Whether there is a more complex interaction of sex hormone levels and the shared association with factors such as metabolic syndrome requires additional investigation. Further studies matching menopausal status for women are necessary to further investigate the potential relationship between estrogen and kidney stones.
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Estradiol
KW - Stone disease
KW - Testosterone
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U2 - 10.1007/s00345-020-03286-w
DO - 10.1007/s00345-020-03286-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 32504317
AN - SCOPUS:85086104315
VL - 39
SP - 1269
EP - 1275
JO - World Journal of Urology
JF - World Journal of Urology
SN - 0724-4983
IS - 4
ER -