Analysis and observation of finite beam bragg diffraction by a thick planar phase grating

A numerical-impulse-response technique for studying the propagation and diffraction of finite-width beams in planar phase gratings is described. It can account for both symmetric and asymmetric diffractions. The grating-length-to-beam-width ratio is shown to govern the extent of beam-profile distortion and selectivity sidelobe suppression. Trade-offs between diffraction efficiency and beam profile have also been demonstrated. Theoretical results have been verified by experimental observa-tions in a planar waveguide geometry of diffracted beams that change from a single diffraction peak to multiple peaks as the grating-length-to-beam-width ratio increases.