@article{7dc69bb25202482cb7dcc3f9416aa0c5,
title = "An 18F-FDG PET study of cervical muscle in parkinsonian anterocollis",
abstract = "The underlying etiology of parkinsonian anterocollis has been the subject of recent debate. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that anterocollis in parkinsonian syndromes is associated with dystonia of the deep cervical flexors (longus colli and capitis). Eight patients with anterocollis, six in the setting of parkinsonism and two primary cervical dystonia control subjects with anterocollis underwent prospective structured clinical evaluations (interview, examination and rating scales), systematic electromyography of the cervical extensor musculature and 18F-FDG PET/CT studies of cervical muscles to examine evidence of hypermetabolism or overactivity of deep cervical flexors. Subjects with parkinsonian anterocollis were found to have hypermetabolism of the extensor and sub-occipital muscles but not in the cervical flexors (superficial or deep). EMG abnormalities were observed in all evaluated patients, but only one patient was definitely myopathic. Meanwhile, both dystonia controls exhibited hypermetabolism of cervical flexors (including the longus colli). In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate hypermetabolism of superficial and deep cervical flexors with muscle 18F-FDG PET/CT in dystonic anterocollis patients, but not in parkinsonian anterocollis patients. The hypermetabolic changes seen in parkinsonian anterocollis patients in posterior muscles may be compensatory. Alternative explanations for anterocollis include myopathy of the cervical extensors, or unbalanced rigidity of the cervical flexors, but this remains to be proven.",
keywords = "Anterocollis, Dystonia, EMG, FDG-PET, Parkinson's disease",
author = "Revuelta, {Gonzalo J.} and Jaime Montilla and Michael Benatar and Alan Freeman and Thomas Wichmann and Jinnah, {Hyder A.} and Delong, {Mahlon R.} and Factor, {Stewart A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Revuelta has received grants from Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia Parkinson Foundation, Barmore Fund, Phytopharm, Biotie, NIH, Chelsea has previously participated in speaker bureaus with TEVA Neurosciences, Lundbeck, UCB and advisory boards with Chelsea and Lundbeck. Dr. Montilla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Benatar has consulted with Cytokinetics and has received grants from FDA, MDA, ALS Association. Dr. Freeman has participated in advisory boards with Allergan, Ipsen, Merz, UCB Pharma, and received grants from EMD Serono and Phytopharm. Dr. Wichmann has current grant support from NIH/NINDS: R01NS071074, P50NS071669, R01NS054976, R01NS042937 (Co-I), R01NS062876, R01NS037948 (co-I), RJG foundation, and has participated in scientific advisory boards with Bachmann-Strauss Foundation, previous member of Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Board. Dr. Jinnah has participated in advisory boards with Dystonia Medical Research foundation and Tyler's Hope, has received previous grant support from Allergan Inc., the Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia & Parkinson{\textquoteright}s Foundation, the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome Children{\textquoteright}s Research Foundation, Merz Pharmaceuticals, the Tomorrow Foundation, and Tyler's Hope for a Cure. He currently is funded by grants from the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation and the NIH (NS067501, HD53312, NS061349, and NS03592). Dr. DeLong has been a consultant for the RJG Foundation, has served on the advisory board for the Dystonia Foundation, has received honoraria from Merck and grants from the APDA. Dr. Factor has received research grant funding from TEVA Neurosciences, Ceregene, Michael J Fox Foundation, Consolidated Anti-aging Foundation and NIH (1 P01 ES 016731-01), educational grants from Allergan and Lundbeck, has been a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim (Expert testimony), Allergan, Lundbeck and UCB, has served as section editor for Current Treatment Options in Neurology and guest editor for Neurotherapeutics. Funding Information: This study was supported by a grant from the Bachmann Strauss Dystonia Parkinson Foundation , the NIH (Award Number U54 NS065701 ) and the NIH /NCRR (Award Number UL1RR029882 ). Statistical support was provided by Amy E. Wahlquist, MS.",
year = "2014",
month = may,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.jns.2014.03.023",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "340",
pages = "174--177",
journal = "Journal of the Neurological Sciences",
issn = "0022-510X",
publisher = "Elsevier",
number = "1-2",
}