TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in studies on stroke-induced secondary neurodegeneration (SND) and its treatment
AU - Datta, Aishika
AU - Sarmah, Deepaneeta
AU - Kalia, Kiran
AU - Borah, Anupom
AU - Wang, Xin
AU - Dave, Kunjan R.
AU - Yavagal, Dileep R.
AU - Bhattacharya, Pallab
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors acknowledge the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers, Govt. of India, and National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Background: The occurrence of secondary neurodegeneration has exclusively been observed after the first incidence of stroke. In humans and rodents, post-stroke secondary neurodegeneration (SND) is an inevitable event that can lead to progressive neuronal loss at a region distant to initial in-farct. SND can lead to cognitive and motor function impairment, finally causing dementia. The exact pathophysiology of the event is yet to be explored. It is seen that the thalami, in particular, are suscepti-ble to cause SND. The reason behind this is because the thalamus functioning as the relay center and is positioned as an interlocked structure with direct synaptic signaling connection with the cortex. As SND proceeds, accumulation of misfolded proteins and microglial activation are seen in the thalamus. This leads to increased neuronal loss and worsening of functional and cognitive impairment. Objective: There is a necessity of specific interventions to prevent post-stroke SND, which are not prop-erly investigated to date owing to sparsely reproducible pre-clinical and clinical data. The basis of this review is to investigate about post-stroke SND and its updated treatment approaches carefully. Methods: Our article presents a detailed survey of advances in studies on stroke-induced secondary neu-rodegeneration (SND) and its treatment. Results: This article aims to put forward the pathophysiology of SND. We have also tabulated the latest treatment approaches along with different neuroimaging systems that will be helpful for future reference to explore. Conclusion: In this article, we have reviewed the available reports on SND pathophysiology, detection techniques, and possible treatment modalities that have not been attempted to date.
AB - Background: The occurrence of secondary neurodegeneration has exclusively been observed after the first incidence of stroke. In humans and rodents, post-stroke secondary neurodegeneration (SND) is an inevitable event that can lead to progressive neuronal loss at a region distant to initial in-farct. SND can lead to cognitive and motor function impairment, finally causing dementia. The exact pathophysiology of the event is yet to be explored. It is seen that the thalami, in particular, are suscepti-ble to cause SND. The reason behind this is because the thalamus functioning as the relay center and is positioned as an interlocked structure with direct synaptic signaling connection with the cortex. As SND proceeds, accumulation of misfolded proteins and microglial activation are seen in the thalamus. This leads to increased neuronal loss and worsening of functional and cognitive impairment. Objective: There is a necessity of specific interventions to prevent post-stroke SND, which are not prop-erly investigated to date owing to sparsely reproducible pre-clinical and clinical data. The basis of this review is to investigate about post-stroke SND and its updated treatment approaches carefully. Methods: Our article presents a detailed survey of advances in studies on stroke-induced secondary neu-rodegeneration (SND) and its treatment. Results: This article aims to put forward the pathophysiology of SND. We have also tabulated the latest treatment approaches along with different neuroimaging systems that will be helpful for future reference to explore. Conclusion: In this article, we have reviewed the available reports on SND pathophysiology, detection techniques, and possible treatment modalities that have not been attempted to date.
KW - Amyloid β accumulation
KW - Glial activation
KW - Neuro-imaging techniques
KW - Neuroinflammation
KW - Secondary neurodegeneration
KW - Thalamic disturbances
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U2 - 10.2174/1568026620666200416090820
DO - 10.2174/1568026620666200416090820
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32297583
AN - SCOPUS:85085893494
VL - 20
SP - 1154
EP - 1168
JO - Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
SN - 1568-0266
IS - 13
ER -