@article{aef4041f5e6640a6a9a938d676bd126d,
title = "A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic",
abstract = "To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.",
author = "Lozier, {M. S.} and F. Li and S. Bacon and F. Bahr and Bower, {A. S.} and Cunningham, {S. A.} and {De Jong}, {M. F.} and {De Steur}, L. and B. DeYoung and J. Fischer and Gary, {S. F.} and Greenan, {B. J.W.} and Holliday, {N. P.} and A. Houk and L. Houpert and Inall, {M. E.} and Johns, {W. E.} and Johnson, {H. L.} and C. Johnson and J. Karstensen and G. Koman and {Le Bras}, {I. A.} and X. Lin and N. Mackay and Marshall, {D. P.} and H. Mercier and M. Oltmanns and Pickart, {R. S.} and Ramsey, {A. L.} and D. Rayner and F. Straneo and V. Thierry and Torres, {D. J.} and Williams, {R. G.} and C. Wilson and J. Yang and I. Yashayaev and J. Zhao",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge fieldwork support provided by the officers, crews, and technicians of the R/V Neil Armstrong, R/V Knorr, R/V Pelagia, R/V Maria S. Merian, CCGS Hudson, and RRS Discovery. We thank E. Itsweire for his guidance and support during the initiation of this program. The Ssalto/Duacs altimeter products were produced and distributed by the Copernicus Marine and Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) (http://marine. copernicus.eu). We acknowledge funding from the Physical Oceanography Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation; the United Kingdom{\textquoteright}s Natural Environment Research Council programs UK-OSNAP, the Extended Ellett Line, and ACSIS (National Capability). Additional support was received from the European Union 7th Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant 308299 (NACLIM) and the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 727852 (Blue-Action), 308299 (NACLIM), 678760 (ATLAS), and 633211 (AtlantOS). We also acknowledge support from the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and from China{\textquoteright}s national key research and development projects (2016YFA0601803) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (201424001). Support for the 53°N array by the RACE program of the German Ministry BMBF is acknowledged, as is the contribution from Fisheries and Oceans Canada{\textquoteright}s (DFO{\textquoteright}s) Atlantic Zone Off-shelf Monitoring Program (AZOMP). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors.",
year = "2019",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1126/science.aau6592",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "363",
pages = "516--521",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6426",
}