@article{89b5c419ecb847118bc65dad849d68ab,
title = "A miniaturized photocell assembly for monitoring heart rate in freely behaving Aplysia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)",
abstract = "A miniaturized photocell assembly consisting of an infrared light-emitting diode coupled with a phototransistor was developed for chronically monitoring heart rate in freely behaving Aplysia. The assembly was water proofed by encapsulation in epoxy, and embedded in Silastic to provide a flange for attachment to the animal. The assembly is sutured over the pericardium, and the leads from the photocell are connected to a specially designed amplifier with output to a pen writer. Independent measures of heart rate were obtained visually in A. brasiliana and by means of a {"}blood{"} pressure cannula in A. californica. Applications using the photocell assembly in Aplysia behavioral physiology include assessment and monitoring of heart rate (1) before, during, and following burrowing; (2) during periods of copulation and quiescence; (3) during egg-laying; and (4) during the bradycardial reflex.",
author = "Robert Feinstein and Aspey, {Wayne P.} and Schmale, {Michael C.}",
note = "Funding Information: Species of the hermaphroditic marine gastropod mollusc Aplysia have been used extensively as models for neurophysiological research due to the large size and topographical organization of their ganglionic Iteurons (Carew, Pinsker, and Kandel, 1972; Carew, Pinsker, Rubinson, and Kandel, 1974; Coggeshall, 1967; Frazier, Kandel, Kupfermann, Waziri, and Coggeshall, 1967; Kandel, Frazier, and Coggeshall, 1967; Pinsker, Castellucci, Kupfermann, and Kandel, 1970). Recently, efforts to understand the behavioral biology of Aplysia have received increasing attention (Aspey and Blankenship, 1967a b; Aspey, Cobbs, and Blankenship, unpublished observations; Carew and 1We thank Dr. Harold M. Pinsker for many helpful technical discussions. This research was supported in part by NIH Grant NS 11255 and a grant from the Moody Foundation of Galveston, Texas 77550. Copyright: Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "1976",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/S0091-6773(76)90648-9",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "17",
pages = "271--278",
journal = "Communications in behavioral biology. Part A: [Original articles]",
issn = "1074-7427",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
number = "2",
}