A high spectral resolution observation of the soft X-ray diffuse background with thermal detectors

D. McCammon; R. Almy; E. Apodaca; W. Bergmann Tiest; W. Cui; S. Deiker; M. Galeazzi; M. Juda; A. Lesser; T. Mihara; J. P. Morgenthaler; W. T. Sanders; J. Zhang; E. Figueroa-Feliciano; R. L. Kelley; S. H. Moseley; R. F. Mushotzky; F. S. Porter; C. K. Stahle; A. E. Szymkowiak

doi:10.1086/341727

A high spectral resolution observation of the soft X-ray diffuse background with thermal detectors

D. McCammon, R. Almy, E. Apodaca, W. Bergmann Tiest, W. Cui, S. Deiker, M. Galeazzi, M. Juda, A. Lesser, T. Mihara, J. P. Morgenthaler, W. T. Sanders, J. Zhang, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, R. L. Kelley, S. H. Moseley, R. F. Mushotzky, F. S. Porter, C. K. Stahle, A. E. Szymkowiak

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

282 Scopus citations

Abstract

A high spectral resolution observation of the diffuse X-ray background in the 60-1000 eV energy range has been made using an array of 361 mm² microcalorimeters flown on a sounding rocket. Detector energy resolution ranged from 5 to 12 eV FWHM, and a composite spectrum of ∼1 sr of the background centered at l = 90°, b = +60° was obtained with a net resolution of ∼9 eV. The target area includes bright 1/4 keV regions but avoids Loop I and the North Polar Spur. Lines of C VI, O VII, and O VIII are clearly detected with intensities of 5.4 ± 2.3, 4.8 ± 0.8, and 1.6 ± 0.4 photons cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1, respectively. The oxygen lines alone account for a majority of the diffuse background observed in the ROSAT R4 band that is not due to resolved extragalactic discrete sources. We also have a positive detection of the Fe-M line complex near 70 eV at an intensity consistent with previous upper limits that indicate substantial gas-phase depletion of iron. We include a detailed description of the instrument and its detectors.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	188-203
Number of pages	16
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	576
Issue number	1 I
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1086/341727
State	Published - Sep 1 2002
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Instrumentation: detectors
Instrumentation: spectrographs
Intergalactic medium
Space vehicles: instruments
X-rays: ISM
X-rays: diffuse background

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.1086/341727

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McCammon, D., Almy, R., Apodaca, E., Bergmann Tiest, W., Cui, W., Deiker, S., Galeazzi, M., Juda, M., Lesser, A., Mihara, T., Morgenthaler, J. P., Sanders, W. T., Zhang, J., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Kelley, R. L., Moseley, S. H., Mushotzky, R. F., Porter, F. S., Stahle, C. K., & Szymkowiak, A. E. (2002). A high spectral resolution observation of the soft X-ray diffuse background with thermal detectors. Astrophysical Journal, 576(1 I), 188-203. https://doi.org/10.1086/341727

A high spectral resolution observation of the soft X-ray diffuse background with thermal detectors. / McCammon, D.; Almy, R.; Apodaca, E.; Bergmann Tiest, W.; Cui, W.; Deiker, S.; Galeazzi, M.; Juda, M.; Lesser, A.; Mihara, T.; Morgenthaler, J. P.; Sanders, W. T.; Zhang, J.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Kelley, R. L.; Moseley, S. H.; Mushotzky, R. F.; Porter, F. S.; Stahle, C. K.; Szymkowiak, A. E.

In: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 576, No. 1 I, 01.09.2002, p. 188-203.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

McCammon, D, Almy, R, Apodaca, E, Bergmann Tiest, W, Cui, W, Deiker, S, Galeazzi, M, Juda, M, Lesser, A, Mihara, T, Morgenthaler, JP, Sanders, WT, Zhang, J, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Kelley, RL, Moseley, SH, Mushotzky, RF, Porter, FS, Stahle, CK & Szymkowiak, AE 2002, 'A high spectral resolution observation of the soft X-ray diffuse background with thermal detectors', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 576, no. 1 I, pp. 188-203. https://doi.org/10.1086/341727

McCammon, D. ; Almy, R. ; Apodaca, E. ; Bergmann Tiest, W. ; Cui, W. ; Deiker, S. ; Galeazzi, M. ; Juda, M. ; Lesser, A. ; Mihara, T. ; Morgenthaler, J. P. ; Sanders, W. T. ; Zhang, J. ; Figueroa-Feliciano, E. ; Kelley, R. L. ; Moseley, S. H. ; Mushotzky, R. F. ; Porter, F. S. ; Stahle, C. K. ; Szymkowiak, A. E. / A high spectral resolution observation of the soft X-ray diffuse background with thermal detectors. In: Astrophysical Journal. 2002 ; Vol. 576, No. 1 I. pp. 188-203.

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abstract = "A high spectral resolution observation of the diffuse X-ray background in the 60-1000 eV energy range has been made using an array of 361 mm2 microcalorimeters flown on a sounding rocket. Detector energy resolution ranged from 5 to 12 eV FWHM, and a composite spectrum of ∼1 sr of the background centered at l = 90°, b = +60° was obtained with a net resolution of ∼9 eV. The target area includes bright 1/4 keV regions but avoids Loop I and the North Polar Spur. Lines of C VI, O VII, and O VIII are clearly detected with intensities of 5.4 ± 2.3, 4.8 ± 0.8, and 1.6 ± 0.4 photons cm-2 s-1 sr-1, respectively. The oxygen lines alone account for a majority of the diffuse background observed in the ROSAT R4 band that is not due to resolved extragalactic discrete sources. We also have a positive detection of the Fe-M line complex near 70 eV at an intensity consistent with previous upper limits that indicate substantial gas-phase depletion of iron. We include a detailed description of the instrument and its detectors.",

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AU - Almy, R.

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AU - Bergmann Tiest, W.

AU - Cui, W.

AU - Deiker, S.

AU - Galeazzi, M.

AU - Juda, M.

AU - Lesser, A.

AU - Mihara, T.

AU - Morgenthaler, J. P.

AU - Sanders, W. T.

AU - Zhang, J.

AU - Figueroa-Feliciano, E.

AU - Kelley, R. L.

AU - Moseley, S. H.

AU - Mushotzky, R. F.

AU - Porter, F. S.

AU - Stahle, C. K.

AU - Szymkowiak, A. E.

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N2 - A high spectral resolution observation of the diffuse X-ray background in the 60-1000 eV energy range has been made using an array of 361 mm2 microcalorimeters flown on a sounding rocket. Detector energy resolution ranged from 5 to 12 eV FWHM, and a composite spectrum of ∼1 sr of the background centered at l = 90°, b = +60° was obtained with a net resolution of ∼9 eV. The target area includes bright 1/4 keV regions but avoids Loop I and the North Polar Spur. Lines of C VI, O VII, and O VIII are clearly detected with intensities of 5.4 ± 2.3, 4.8 ± 0.8, and 1.6 ± 0.4 photons cm-2 s-1 sr-1, respectively. The oxygen lines alone account for a majority of the diffuse background observed in the ROSAT R4 band that is not due to resolved extragalactic discrete sources. We also have a positive detection of the Fe-M line complex near 70 eV at an intensity consistent with previous upper limits that indicate substantial gas-phase depletion of iron. We include a detailed description of the instrument and its detectors.

AB - A high spectral resolution observation of the diffuse X-ray background in the 60-1000 eV energy range has been made using an array of 361 mm2 microcalorimeters flown on a sounding rocket. Detector energy resolution ranged from 5 to 12 eV FWHM, and a composite spectrum of ∼1 sr of the background centered at l = 90°, b = +60° was obtained with a net resolution of ∼9 eV. The target area includes bright 1/4 keV regions but avoids Loop I and the North Polar Spur. Lines of C VI, O VII, and O VIII are clearly detected with intensities of 5.4 ± 2.3, 4.8 ± 0.8, and 1.6 ± 0.4 photons cm-2 s-1 sr-1, respectively. The oxygen lines alone account for a majority of the diffuse background observed in the ROSAT R4 band that is not due to resolved extragalactic discrete sources. We also have a positive detection of the Fe-M line complex near 70 eV at an intensity consistent with previous upper limits that indicate substantial gas-phase depletion of iron. We include a detailed description of the instrument and its detectors.

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KW - Instrumentation: spectrographs

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KW - Space vehicles: instruments

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A high spectral resolution observation of the soft X-ray diffuse background with thermal detectors

Abstract

Keywords

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