Abstract
Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1ß(IL-1ß) have been shown to be associated with the recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer after surgery. This study tested the hypothesis that patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer, who received postoperative analgesia with flurbiprofen axetil combined with small doses of fentanyl (FA), exhibited reduced levels of VEGF-C, TNF-α, and IL-1ß compared with those patients receiving fentanyl alone (F).
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 530-537 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Pain Practice |
Volume | 15 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 1 2015 |
Keywords
- Analgesia
- Immunologic factors
- Postoperative pain
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine